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Jakob van der Schley aka Jakob van Schley (26 July 1715 Amsterdam - 12 February 1779 Amsterdam) was a Dutch draughtsman and engraver. He studied under Bernard Picart (1673-1733) whose style he subsequently copied. His main interests were engraving portraits and producing illustrations for 'La Vie de Marianne' by Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (1688-1763), published in The Hague between 1735 and 1747.<br/><br/> He also engraved the frontispieces for a 15-volume edition of the complete works of Pierre de Brantôme (1540-1614), 'Oeuvres du seigneur de Brantôme', published in The Hague in 1740.
A highly decorative map of the East Indies from the Mercator-Hondius Atlas.<br/><br/> It extends from the Philippines to Timor and Sumatra to New Guinea, detailing the Spice Islands, a region of great importance to seventeenth century Europe, but one about which little was known at the time. Hondius based his map on portolan charts by Portuguese cartographer Bartolomeu Lasso. Of particular note is the comment Huc Franciscus Dra. Appulit, which appears by the unknown southern coast of Java, representing Drake's landing during his circumnavigation of the globe in 1577-80.<br/><br/> Of considerable contemporary relevance, the map also shows a highly stylised diagram of the Spratly Islands and perhaps the Paracels in the South China Sea, indicating ownership lying with Vietnam and Indochina, not - as vociferously claimed by the People's Republic - with China.<br/><br/> This map follows very shortly the extension of Dutch control over the islands. In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was formed, and within a couple decades the company came to control the region. Includes three strapwork cartouches, and European ships shown in the midst of battle. Other decorative features include two compass roses, rhumb lines and sea monster.
Born in Orange County, North Carolina, July 14, 1853, Marion Alonzo Cheek graduated in medicine from medical school before being recruited by the Presbyterian missionary Daniel McGilvary to work with the protestant mission in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, in 1874.<br/><br/> Cheek's relationship with McGilvary and the mission soon turned sour, but Cheek - who was more interested in making money and enjoying the good life - soon set himself up as a businessman in the local lumber business and established a succesful medical practice. He resigned from the Presbyterian Mission in 1886, but despite - perhaps because of - establishing a personal harem of around 20 northern Thai women - he incurred increasingly serious debts, becoming bankrupt in 1893.<br/><br/> He became ill with malaria and dysentry in 1895 and took ship for Hong Kong and treatment in June of that year, but he died of an abcess of the liver while still in Thai waters off Si Chang Island, July 4, 1895.
Physical map showing approximate political frontiers in Green. The Shan and Lao states are shown independent of (or tributary to) Siam. Chiang Mai ('Tshien-Mai'and Luang Prabang are both shown lying within the frontiers of a greater Siam,, but the territoryy of Chiang Mai extends further to the northwest, into Burma's Shan State, beyond the Salween River, than it does today. <br/><br/> Cambodia is much curtailed, with Angkor and Battambang part of Siam. Champa is still indicated in southern Vietnam ('Tshampa'), though it finally ceased to exist in 1832. The Lao kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane (Vien Tscan) and Champassak are all represented as part of Greater Siam. The Anglo-French competition for dominion over the region was just starting, and over the next 30 years Siam would lose much of its territory to the east and Northeast, as well as in the Malayan Peninsula.
A Political map of mainland Southeast Asia including Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, as well as peninsular Malaysia, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and part of Sumatra. <br/><br/> Published, apparently, just before the 3rd Anglo-Burmese War (1885-86) which would extinguish Burmese independence, it shows 'Independent Burma' in an approximate rectangle around Mandalay. To the east lies the 'Independent Shan Country' encompassing the Burmese Shan States and northern Laos. East of this again is Tonkin, or northern Vietnam, where the 'Independent Tribes' represent the semi-independent Tai domain of Sipsongchuthai, absorbed by the French in 1888 and now a part of Vietnam. <br/><br/> South of this again, the 'Shan States' encompass the former Lan Na Kingdom centred on Chiang Mai to the west, and the Lao kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane and Champassak to the east. Chiang Mai is no longer shown as extending west of the Salween River, as is the case in some earlier European maps. Interestingly (and culturally, though no longer politically) accurate, Nong Khai and Ubon Ratchathani are shown as part of the Lao states tributary to Siam. <br/><br/> To the south, Bangkok is clearly indicated as the capital of Siam, while Siamese control over more than half of Cambodia, including Angkor Wat and Battambang, is indicated. Cochinchina is shown as a French colony (1862). Siamese control is acknowledged over most of peninsular Malaya, though the nascent British Straits Settlements at Penang and Province Wellesley (1867) are shown.
A detailed and remarkably accurate map of Burma, Siam, Vietnam, Cambodia and Malaya dating from 1886 and showing the rectangle of independent Burma around Mandalay - which was losing its independence to Great Britain in 1885-1886 when the map was published. The Burmese Shan States are shown as under Burmese influence (shortly to be replaced by that of Great Britain), while the (Siamese) 'Shan States' of the former Lan Na Kingdom at Chiang Mai (Zimme) and the Lao Kingdom of Luang Phrabang are shown as de facto tributaries of Siam. <br/><br/> Within the Chiang Mai portion of the Shan States, Zimme (Chiang Mai) includes the territories of Lamphun (Labong), Lampang (Lagong) and Chiang Rai (K. Hai), but Fang and points north are shown as part of the Burmese Shan States. The 'Independent Tribes' region in Tonkin (Tonquin) corresponds to the former White Tai Princedom of Sipsongchuthai, absorbed by the French in 1882 and now a part of Vietnam. <br/><br/> Further south, the former Lao kingdoms of Vien Chan (Vientiane) and Bassac (Champassak) are shown as directly administered Siamese posessions, as is all western and northern Cambodia including Angkor Wat and Battambang. To the south, Siamese possessions extend far into Malaysian Kelantan and Terengganu, and as far south as Kedah. <br/><br/> The map - showing proposed and existing railways - indicated projected rail links between Bangkok and Simao in southern Yunnan via Raheng (Tak) and Jinghong (Kianghung); Between Tak (Rakheng) and Moulmein (Maulmain) linking to the existing British-built track in southern Burma; and north from Tongoo in Burma to Sadiya in Assam, linking Southeast Asia to India by rail. By 2012, more than 125 years after this map was drawn, few of these links had actually been constructed, though several - notably linking southern China with Thailand - are still being planned.
The Lan Na Kingdom effectively came into existence as an independent entity under King Mangrai the Great (r. 1259-1317), but the capital was not established at Chiang Mai ('New City') by Mangrai until 1892-96.<br/><br/> The Mangrai Dynasty ruled over an independent Lan Na Kingdom until 1558, when Chiang Mai was captured by Burma's King Bayinnaung (r. 1551-181). Chiang Mai remained a Burmese tributary state until the Lan Na Revolt (1771-1774).<br/><br/> In 1881 the former Lan Na Kingdom regained its independence in an alliance with Siam. Chao Kawila (r. 1781-1813) was the first of nine Chiang Mai Lords who ruled over the Kingdom of Chiang Mai until its last vestiges were subsumed with the Thai polity in 1939.<br/><br/> At its peak under King Tilokarat (1441-1487) Lan Na territories extended west across the Salween River and north to Kengtung in Shan State, northeast to Sipsongpanna (Xishuangbanna) in China's Yunnan Province, and east towards Luang Prabang in the Lao Kingdom of Lanchang.<br/><br/> Today the former Lan Na Kingdom is fully a part of the Kingdom of Thailand, though it retains its own distinctive language, customs, culture and cuisine. Since the end of the military government of Kriangsak Chomanan in 1980, Lan Na cultural pride and ethnic distinctiveness have made an ongoing recovery with the general support of the national government in Bangkok.
This map was produced at the height of British Imperial power and shows direct British rule extending all the way from Iran (Persia) to Thailand (Siam). Most of the contiguous Indian Ocean littoral, from South Africa to Singapore and Australia, was also under British administration or de facto control.<br/><br/> It is relevant to note that the map shows Sikkim extending north into the present-day territory of China's Tibetan Autonomous Region. Similarly Darjeeling is shown in eastern Nepal, while Bhutan is elongated to the east and most of India's Arunachal Pradesh province is shown as part of the Qing Empire. In Kashmir, by contrast, the disputed Aksai Chin region, now under Chinese control, is shown as part of India.
Detail of a British map dating from the early 19th century. Burma's Tenasserim Province (pink) is marked as being British and was seized by Britain after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826).<br/><br/> The geography is very imperfect, the first Brirish surveying teams into 'Laos Land' not being dispatched until the missions of McLeod and Richardson (1836-37). Chiang Mai, the Lan Na capital, at this time under the rule of Chao Phuttawong (1825-46), is identified as 'Saymamay'. The Lao capital, Vientiane, conquered and despoiled by Siam in 1828, is identified as Lanchang, and placed on the wrong, west bank of the Mekong River. Luang Prabang, to the north, is probably identified as (the more northerly) M. Loun.<br/><br/> Hanoi, the capital of Tonkin to the Northeast, is identified (puzzlingly) as 'Kesho' or 'Tongquin', the latter being 'Eastern Capital' in Vietnamese. To the south, is still identified as the old capital of Siam, 'Yuthia' (Ayutthaya), although the capital was moved to Bangkok in 1782.<br/><br/> The River Salween is shown as the frontier between the Lan Na Kingdom and Burma, while the northernmost part of Lan Na is shown to extend north, into the Shan States in the region of Kengtung
Sir Ernest Mason Satow PC, GCMG, (30 June 1843 – 26 August 1929), known in Japan as 'アーネスト・サトウ' (Ānesuto Satō), known in China as (traditional Chinese) '薩道義' or (simplified Chinese) '萨道义', was a British scholar, diplomat and Japanologist.<br/><br/> Satow was born to an ethnically German father (Hans David Christoph Satow, born in Wismar, then under Swedish rule, naturalised British in 1846) and an English mother (Margaret, née Mason) in Clapton, North London. He was educated at Mill Hill School and University College London (UCL).<br/><br/> Satow was an exceptional linguist, an energetic traveller, a writer of travel guidebooks, a dictionary compiler, a mountaineer, a keen botanist (chiefly with F.V. Dickins) and a major collector of Japanese books and manuscripts on all kinds of subjects before the Japanese themselves began to do so. He also loved classical music and the works of Dante on which his brother-in-law Henry Fanshawe Tozer was an authority. Satow kept a diary for most of his adult life which amounts to 47 mostly handwritten volumes.<br/><br/> Satow served in Siam (1884–1887), during which time he was accorded the rare honour of promotion from the Consular to the Diplomatic service, Uruguay (1889–93) and Morocco (1893–95). In 1886, while serving in Siam, he travelled to Chiang Mai and the Lan Na states and left a detailed account of his visit.
Saopha, Chaofa, or Sawbwa (Thai: Chaofa, เจ้าฟ้า) was a royal title used by the rulers of the Shan States of Myanmar (Burma). The word means 'king' in the Shan and Tai languages. In some ancient Chinese literature it was recorded as 詔 (pinyin: Zhào) for example Six Zhao and Nanzhao.
He was the son of Anna Leonowens of Anna and the King of Siam fame and Thomas Leon Owens, a civilian clerk, whom she married in India in 1849. He was born at Lynton near Port Gregory in Western Australia and went to Siam (now Thailand) with his mother in 1862.<br/><br/> He was raised in the Siamese royal palace and was schooled by his mother alongside the royal children until he returned to Europe to complete his education. In 1881, at the age of 27, he returned to Siam and was granted a commission of Captain in the Royal Cavalry by King Chulalongkorn.<br/><br/> Leonowens in 1884 left the military and entered the teak trade. He went on in 1905 to found the Louis Thomas Leonowens Company which became Louis T. Leonowens Ltd, an international trading company. This company remains a leading exporter of Malayan hardwoods and an importer of building materials and general merchandise.<br/><br/> Leonowens became less involved in the operations of the company after 1906 and left Siam for the last time in 1913. Leonowens died in 1919 during the global influenza pandemic. He is buried, with his second wife, in Brompton Cemetery, London.
Herman Moll (c. 1654 – September 22, 1732), was a cartographer, engraver, and publisher. Moll produced his earliest maps from studying cartographers such as John Senex and Emanuel Bowen. He probably sold his first maps from a stall in various places in London. From 1688 he had his own shop in Vanley's Court in London's Blackfriars. Between 1691 and 1710 his business was located at the corner of Spring Gardens and Charing Cross, and he finally moved along the River Thames to Beech Street where he remained until his death.
Rājputāna (Hindi: राजपूताना ) was the name adopted by British government for its dependencies in the region of present-day Indian state of Rājasthān. Rajputana included 18 princely states, two chiefships and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. This British official term remained official till its replacement by Rajasthan in the constitution of 1949.
Map of mainland Southeast Asia including Burma / Myanmar, Lan Na (now Northern Thailand), Siam (Thailand), Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Champa, Malaya, Indonesia and the Philippines.<br/><br/> Pulau Pinang / Penang Island is shown as being British (1786), and the Paracels Islands (Vt. Hoàng Sa, Ch. Xi Sha) are clearly shown as being Vietnamese.
A German map of mainland Southeast Asia showing Assam, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and part of Sumatra.<br/><br/>The Tanintharyi or Tenasserim region of southern Myanmar is shown as under Siamese (Thai) administration, while the former Lan Na Kingdom, with Chiang Mai ('Janzalayen') as its main city, is shown as tributary to Myanmar / Burma. Both are incorrect, as Tanintharyi passed under British control in 1826, while Lan Na (Chiang Mai) asserted its independence from Burma in 1775.
Saopha, Chaofa, or Sawbwa (Thai: Chaofa, เจ้าฟ้า) was a royal title used by the rulers of the Shan States of Myanmar (Burma). The word means 'king' in the Shan and Tai languages. In some ancient Chinese literature it was recorded as 詔 (pinyin: Zhào) for example Six Zhao and Nanzhao.
Ditsawarakuman Damrong Rajanubhab (Somdet Phra Chao Borommawong Thoe Phra Ong Chao Ditsawarakuman Krom Phraya Damrong Rachanuphap) ( 21 June 1862 – 1 December 1943) was the founder of the modern Thai education system as well as the modern provincial administration. He was also a self-taught historian, and one of the most influential Siamese intellectuals of his time.<br/><br/> Prince Damrong is credited as the father of Thai history, the education system, the health system (the Ministry of Health was originally a department of the Ministry of the Interior) and the provincial administration. On the centenary of his birth in 1962, he became the first Thai to be included in the UNESCO list of the world's most distinguished persons. Damrong worked as a self-educated historian, as well as writing books on Thai literature, culture and arts. Out of his works grew the National Library, as well as the National Museum.<br/><br/> His many descendants use the Royal surname Disakul.
Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk (5 June 1804 - 11 March 1865), was a German-born explorer for Great Britain who carried out geographical, ethnological and botanical studies in South America and the West Indies, and also fulfilled diplomatic missions for Great Britain in the Dominican Republic and Thailand.<br/><br/> Schomburgk was born at Freyburg, Prussian Saxony, the son of a Protestant minister. In 1820, while staying with his uncle, he learned botany from a professor.